Hesperetin is a natural flavonoid compound, which is widely found in plant-derived substances such as fruits, flowers, and foods. The molecular formula is C16H14O6. It is mainly derived from the young fruits of the genus Citrus in the Rutaceae family, and is a type of dihydroflavonoids. It is a light yellow needle-shaped crystal or powder. It has biological and pharmacological activities and is widely used in organic chemistry, medicine, agronomy, food and other fields.
The molecular formula is C16H14O6. It is mainly derived from the young fruits of the genus Citrus in the Rutaceae family, and is a type of dihydroflavonoids. It is a light yellow needle-shaped crystal or powder.
Hesperetin is contained in the peels of lemons, oranges, and daidaihua. In the genus Cirtus, those with developed mesocarp (white spongy tissue) systems contain more citrus glycosides, and those with thin mesocarp systems contain more hesperidin. This product is extracted from dry, mature orange peels. Chop the dried orange peel roughly, add 3-6 times the amount of water and soak for about 0.5h to soften it. Then add 4-10% of lime and 7-12 times the amount of water, stir evenly, and check the pH value. The pH value is required to reach 11.5-12, otherwise lime or sodium hydroxide should be added. After soaking for 1.5-2h, centrifuge and filter, add 5-7 times the amount of water to the filter residue and adjust the pH to 11.5-12 with an appropriate amount of lime, continue soaking and centrifuge. After the filtrate is clear, add dilute hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to 5, let it stand for 2d, collect the precipitate, wash it with water until it is close to neutral, and get the crude product. Dissolve the crude product in a mixed solution of 1% sodium hydroxide and 50% ethanol, filter it, and adjust the pH of the filtrate to 5 with dilute hydrochloric acid. Let it stand overnight, collect the precipitate, wash it once with 50% ethanol, then wash it with water until it is close to neutral, dry it at 70℃, crush and sieve it, and get hesperidin. The total yield of orange peel powder is 0.6-1.8%.
2. Add water and an appropriate amount of lime to the orange peel powder, stir evenly, and adjust the pH value to 12-13 with 25% sodium hydroxide. After soaking for 10-12 hours, filter the liquid. Discard the residue, adjust the pH value to 3-4 with concentrated hydrochloric acid, and keep it at 70℃ for 0.5 hours. Cool and let it stand. After the precipitation is complete, filter and collect the precipitate, wash it with water until it is neutral, and dry it at 80℃. This is the crude product of hesperidin. Recrystallization with methanol as solvent can obtain pure hesperidin;
Application:
1) Antioxidant effect: Hesperidin can avoid the harm caused by peroxidation by removing peroxynitrite ions.
2) Anti-inflammatory effect: Hesperidin can inhibit the mediation of inflammatory mediators, thereby indirectly inhibiting inflammatory reactions. Compared with hesperidin, hesperidin has a stronger anti-inflammatory effect, and the anti-inflammatory activity of hesperidin C7 is affected by the connection of rutin.
3) Hypolipidemic effect: Hesperidin can inhibit the action of cholesterol-forming enzymes and esterification enzymes, thereby achieving the effect of lowering blood lipids.
4) Cardiovascular protective effect: Hesperidin has the effect of lowering blood lipids and vascular permeability, and can prevent thrombosis. Hesperidin can also protect the hypoxia of endothelial cell tissue by stimulating certain mitochondrial enzymes such as succinate dehydrogenase, preventing coagulation caused by endothelial cell necrosis and inducing thrombosis. In addition, hesperidin promotes antiplatelet coagulation activity by inhibiting the phosphorylation of PLCγ2 and its downstream signal transduction, which can prevent the formation of thrombus and benefit the cardiovascular system.
5) Anti-tumor effect: Hesperidin has an antioxidant effect, which can avoid carcinogenesis caused by genetic changes caused by these factors. It promotes the outflow of drugs mediated by P-glycoprotein from tumor cells. Flavonoids (such as hesperidin) can change the permeability of the blood-brain barrier to vincristine, and it is also related to its concentration. Low concentrations of flavonoids can reduce the uptake of vincristine by brain capillary endothelial cells; conversely, high concentrations can promote it.
COA of Hesperetin :
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