Baicalin (baicalin) is a flavonoid extracted and isolated from the dried roots of the dicotyledonous Lamiaceae plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. It is a light yellow powder at room temperature and has a bitter taste. Insoluble in methanol, ethanol, acetone, slightly soluble in chloroform and
nitrobenzene, almost insoluble in water, soluble in hot acetic acid. It appears green when exposed to ferric chloride, and produces an orange precipitate when exposed to lead acetate. Soluble in alkali and ammonia, it appears yellow at first and soon turns to dark brown. It has significant biological activity and has antibacterial, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, cholesterol-lowering, anti-thrombosis, asthma relief, purging fire and detoxification, hemostasis, anti-tocolysis, anti-allergic and antispasmodic effects. It is also a member of the mammalian liver salivary enzyme It is a specific inhibitor that can regulate certain diseases and also has strong anti-cancer physiological effects.
The Function of Scutellaria Baicalensis
1. Antibacterial effect
Scutellaria baicalensis has inhibitory effects on a variety of Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and pathogenic dermatophytes.
2. Antiviral effect
Scutellaria baicalensis can inhibit influenza virus and hepatitis B virus.
3. Anti-inflammatory effect
Baicalein and baicalin can inhibit acute inflammatory response. Inhibits exudation and swelling and increases capillary permeability in inflammatory models; inhibits adjuvant arthritis in rats.
(1) Mechanism: Inhibit the production and release of inflammatory mediators.
(2) Inhibit histamine release
(3) Resist arachidonic acid metabolism, inhibit the production of prostaglandin E (PGE) and leukotriene (LT), reduce the expansion of blood vessels by inflammatory mediators, increase the permeability of blood vessel walls, and the chemotactic effect of leukocytes.
4. Effect on immune function
Scutellaria baicalensis can inhibit immune responses: especially type I allergic reactions (anaphylaxis). Scutellaria baicalensis can improve the body's immune function because baicalin improves the functions of macrophages and NK cells.
5. Heat-clearing and detoxifying effects
Research shows that skullcap has antipyretic properties. Scutellaria baicalensis has a detoxifying effect, which is related to the glucuronic acid it contains.
6. Hepatoprotective and choleretic effects
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that scutellaria baicalensis clears the liver and gallbladder, protects the liver, and is related to antioxidant free radical damage.
7. Sedative effect
Scutellaria baicalensis has a sedative effect on the central nervous system.
8. Effect on blood system
Scutellaria baicalensis has complex effects on the blood system. Baicalein and others can inhibit platelet aggregation, anticoagulant, and inhibit the production of fibrin induced by thrombin.
9. Anti-allergy
In terms of anti-allergic reactions, baicalin has a stronger effect than glycosides. Scutellaria baicalensis is anti-allergic and does not produce allergic reactions. In addition, it also has a direct relaxing effect on the smooth muscle itself. Both baicalin and baicalin can inhibit allergic edema and inflammation, and both can improve the permeability of ear capillaries.
10. Lower blood pressure
Scutellaria baicalensis tincture, infusion, decoction, alcohol or water extract, and baicalin can all cause antihypertensive effects. Taking the infusion orally can reduce normal and chronic renal hypertension, and the tincture can return neurological hypertension to normal.
11. Diuretic effect
In acute diuretic experiments, baicalein had the strongest effect, followed by wogonin. Baicalein alcohol extract and decoction also have diuretic effects.
12. Effect on blood sugar and blood lipids
Scutellaria baicalensis can lower blood lipids and slightly increase blood sugar.
13. Antispasmodic effect
Scutellaria baicalensis can eliminate the symptoms of tonic spasms.
14. Tocolytic effect
Scutellaria baicalensis has the effect of clearing away heat and relieving fetuses, and can be used to treat fetal dysphoria. It is often used in conjunction with Atractylodes, Bamboo Ru, etc.
15. Anti-cancer effect
Scutellaria baicalensis can inhibit the production and spread of cancer cells to a certain extent.
16. The role of treating some other diseases
(1) Treat various respiratory diseases such as acute and chronic upper respiratory tract infections, bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchiectasis infection, interstitial pulmonary inflammation, etc. It can also be used for tuberculosis.
(2) Treat acute and chronic enteritis, dysentery, ulcerative colitis, acute and chronic gastritis, and peptic ulcer.
(3) Treat allergic rhinitis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, bronchial asthma, etc.
(4) Treat acute and chronic hepatitis, liver disease, elevated transaminases and bilirubin, as well as chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. It is also used for immunity.
(5) Epidemic liver disease.
(6) Treat various immune and allergic diseases, such as lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and other connective tissue diseases.
(7) Treat skin allergic diseases such as urticaria, atopic dermatitis, and allergic purpura. It is also commonly used clinically to treat hypertension, urinary tract infections, pyelonephritis, prostatitis, and various inflammations of the skin and eyes.
(8) Scutellaria baicalensis charcoal treats various types of bleeding. Scutellaria baicalensis is traditionally used for pregnancy resistance and miscarriage, and is also commonly used in modern clinical practice.
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