Myricetin, also known as myricetin and myricetin, is a flavonol compound extracted from the bark of the Myricaceae plant Bayberry. Bayberry is one of the subtropical fruit trees native to China. The wild species has a history of more than 7,000 years and has been cultivated for more than 2,000 years. East China, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou and other regions in my country have extremely rich bayberry bark resources. The discarded bayberry branches can be used as a long-term and large-scale plant source. However, due to the extraction process and other reasons, the current research on myricetin mainly comes from rattan tea, and very few come from bayberry trees. The main source of dihydromyricetin in rattan tea is limited resources, and there are certain limitations on the long-term development and utilization of myricetin.
Myricetin yellow needle-shaped crystals (ethanol), melting point 357℃, maximum absorption wavelength (ethanol): 375, 255 nm; soluble in ethanol, methanol, acetone, soluble in hot water, insoluble in chloroform and glacial acetic acid.
Myricetin has the effects of scavenging free radicals, anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, reducing neurotoxicity, affecting lymphocyte activation and proliferation, anti-platelet activation factor, lowering blood sugar, relieving alcohol poisoning, preventing alcoholic liver and fatty liver, inhibiting liver cell deterioration, reducing the incidence of liver cancer, protecting the liver, and anti-inflammatory. It can also strongly inhibit yeast α-glucosidase, glucosidase I, in vitro glucosidase I and xanthine oxidase in milk.
Main functions of myricetin:
1) Antioxidant effect: Myricetin is a very strong antioxidant. Oxidative stress plays a key role in various neurological diseases including local ischemia and senile dementia. Myricetin reduces the production and toxicity of β-amylase through conformational changes, which can be used to count the progression of senile dementia.
2) Anti-tumor effect: Myricetin is an effective chemical preventive agent for carcinogenesis.
3) Reduce neurotoxicity: Myricetin can inhibit neurotoxicity caused by glutamate through different pathways to protect neurons, thereby effectively preventing nerve damage.
4) Effect on lymphocyte activation and proliferation: Myricetin can inhibit the expression of CD69, an early activation indicator of T cells, and can inhibit lymphocyte proliferation response.
5) Antagonistic effect of platelet activating factor (PAF): Myricetin inhibits PAF-induced WRP aggregation and 52HT release in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. At the same time, it can significantly inhibit the increase of free calcium in platelets caused by PAF. Therefore, myricetin has cardiovascular pharmacological effects in many aspects, such as anti-thrombosis, anti-myocardial ischemia, and improvement of microcirculation.
6) Hypoglycemic effect: Myricetin has a more obvious hypoglycemic effect.
7) Hepatoprotective effect: Dihydromyricetin can significantly inhibit the increase of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity and reduce serum total bilirubin, and has a significant enzyme-lowering and jaundice-removing effect.
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