Polygonum cuspidatum extract is mainly derived from the rhizome of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc., a plant of the Polygonaceae family.
1. Active Ingredients of Knotweed Extract
Polygonum cuspidatum extract contains a variety of chemical components, among which the most important components are emodin, physcion and resveratrol.
Emodin: It is an anthraquinone compound with a typical anthraquinone structure. It is orange-yellow needle-shaped crystals, almost insoluble in water, and soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and chloroform. Emodin occupies an important position in Polygonum cuspidatum extract and is closely related to its various pharmacological activities.
Physcion: It also belongs to the anthraquinone component. Its chemical structure is similar to that of emodin, but it differs in the degree of methylation. It is an orange-red needle-shaped crystal and has a unique contribution to pharmacological activity.
Resveratrol: It is a non-flavonoid polyphenol compound with a chemical name of 3,4',5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene. It plays a major defensive role in plants and is a plant antitoxin. Resveratrol is a white needle-shaped crystal that is insoluble in water but easily soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and ethyl acetate.
2. Effects of Knotweed Extract
Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects
Polygonum cuspidatum extract has an inhibitory effect on a variety of bacteria and fungi. For example, it has antibacterial activity against common bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Its antibacterial mechanism may be achieved by destroying the cell wall and cell membrane structure of bacteria or interfering with the metabolic process of bacteria. In terms of inflammation, it can reduce inflammatory responses and has a certain therapeutic effect on skin inflammation such as acne, furunculosis, etc., as well as inflammation of some internal organs such as enteritis.
Antioxidant effect
Ingredients such as resveratrol and rhamnosin in Polygonum cuspidatum extract are good antioxidants. They can remove free radicals in the body, such as superoxide anion free radicals and hydroxyl free radicals. Free radicals can damage components such as lipids, proteins and DNA of cells, causing a variety of diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. Through its antioxidant effect, Polygonum cuspidatum extract can protect cells from free radicals, delay cell aging, and reduce the risk of disease.
Cardiovascular protection effect
Polygonum cuspidatum extract has multiple protective effects on the cardiovascular system. On the one hand, it can lower blood lipids, reduce the content of lipid components such as cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood, and help prevent atherosclerosis. On the other hand, it can regulate vascular tension, dilate blood vessels, and reduce peripheral vascular resistance, thereby playing a role in lowering blood pressure. In addition, it may also have a certain effect on improving myocardial ischemia and preventing thrombosis. For example, its components may inhibit platelet aggregation and reduce the risk of thrombosis.
Anti-tumor effect
Studies have shown that Polygonum cuspidatum extract has certain potential in tumor prevention and treatment. Its component resveratrol can induce tumor cell apoptosis, and by activating the apoptosis signaling pathway in the cell, tumor cells die according to their own program. For example, this effect has been found in the study of tumor cell lines such as breast cancer and colon cancer. At the same time, Polygonum cuspidatum extract can also inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells, and play a role by interfering with the cell cycle of tumor cells and inhibiting the migration ability of tumor cells.
Hepatoprotective and choleretic effect
Polygonum cuspidatum extract has a protective effect on the liver and gallbladder. It can reduce the inflammatory response of the liver and has a repairing effect on chemical liver damage, such as liver damage caused by drugs, alcohol, etc. In terms of choleretics, it can promote the secretion and excretion of bile, help prevent bile stasis, and improve gallbladder function.
Improving joint function
Polygonum cuspidatum extract may have an improvement effect on some joint diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. It can reduce inflammation and swelling of the joints and relieve pain. Its mechanism of action may be related to inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators and regulating immune responses.
3. Application Fields of Polygonum Cuspidatum Extract
Polygonum cuspidatum extract is widely used in the medical field and can be used to develop drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, tumors, inflammation and other diseases. In traditional Chinese medicine compound, Polygonum cuspidatum is also one of the commonly used medicinal materials. In the cosmetics industry, due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it can be used in the research and development of skin care products for anti-wrinkle, whitening, skin soothing and other products. At the same time, in the food industry, Polygonum cuspidatum extract also has certain application potential, such as the development of functional foods for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and delaying aging.
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