NMNH is called "reduced β-
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide" in Chinese. It is the reduced form of NMN. The molecular formula of NMNH is C11H17N2O8P, molecular weight: 336.23g/mol, CAS No.: 108347-85-9, and it is an amorphous yellow powder. The latest research literature shows that NMNH increases NAD+ levels faster and at a higher concentration, which is an average of 5 times that of NMN. NMNH has been industrialized with a purity of ≥99% and is available in two forms: free acid and sodium salt.
The Function of NMNH
1. Rapidly increase NAD+ in vitro
In in vitro experiments, researchers used NMN and NMNH at the same time to detect their ability to increase NAD+ levels in cells. Different concentrations of NMN and NMNH were added to AML12 mouse hepatocytes, and it was found that compared with NMN, NMNH not only significantly increased the level of NAD+ in the cells, but also accelerated the increase in NAD+ concentration.
NMNH acts as a potent NAD+ enhancer in vitro.
To further prove that NMNH can serve as a highly efficient NAD+ precursor, the researchers added the same concentration of NMNH to different mouse cells (AML12 and T37i) as well as human cells (HepG2, fibroblasts, SY5Y and human cervical cancer cells). NMN and NMNH.
Experimental results show that adding NMNH can increase the NAD+ content in these cells and is more effective than NMN at the same concentration.
2. Increase NAD+ concentration in the body
In order to evaluate the role of NMNH and NMN in vivo, the experimenters injected C57BL/6N mice with vehicle (PBS) or 250 mg/kg of NMN/NMNH, and then collected blood sequentially (1, 4, and 20 hours), and Tissue collection was performed 24 hours later.
The results show that NMNH can effectively increase the concentration of NAD+ in the blood. The NAD+ level can be rapidly increased 1 hour after supplementation, and it is much higher than NMN. It is worth noting that the NAD+ content in the blood dropped to the basic level after 4 hours after supplementing NMN, but NMNH could maintain an increase of more than 2 times the NAD+ concentration for 20 hours after the first injection.
The researchers also found that compared with NMN, NMNH could increase NAD+ levels in a variety of tissues, with the liver (5-fold increase) and kidney (2-fold increase) having the greatest impact. Surprisingly, NMNH also significantly increased the NAD+ content in the brain, gastrocnemius muscle, brown adipose tissue, and heart, which NMN could not do.
3. Repair tubular epithelial cells
NAD+ homeostasis is crucial for repairing damaged epithelial cells and maintaining cell biological activity. The researchers particularly observed whether NMNH could protect tubular epithelial cells from hypoxia/reoxygenation damage by enhancing the repair effect.
In a normoxic environment, supplementing the same concentration of NMNH and NMN can increase the NAD+ concentration by 5 times and 2 times respectively; in a hypoxia/reoxygenation environment, NMNH and NMN can increase a higher NAD+ concentration.
After analysis, supplementing NMNH can reduce cell damage in hypoxia/reoxygenation injury and enhance cell repair capabilities by targeting NAD+ regeneration, enhancing mitochondrial activity and nucleotide metabolism.
Another article, "Reduced Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMNH) Potently Enhances NAD+ and Suppresses Glycolysis, the TCA Cycle, and Cell Growth", published in ACS, found that NMNH can increase the accumulation of NADH in cells and inhibit cellular glycolysis and cell growth. The tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) inhibits cell growth, while NMN can only inhibit cellular glycolysis to a limited extent.
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