Sodium copper chlorophyllin is a dark green powder. It is made from natural green plant tissues, such as silkworm feces, clover, alfalfa, bamboo and other plant leaves. It is extracted with organic solvents such as acetone, methanol, ethanol, petroleum ether, etc., and the copper ions replace the magnesium ions in the center of chlorophyll. At the same time, it is saponified with alkali to remove the methyl and phytol groups to form a disodium salt. Therefore, sodium copper chlorophyllin is a semi-synthetic pigment. Other chlorophyll pigments with similar structure and production principle include sodium iron chlorophyll and sodium zinc chlorophyll.
On young, vigorous shoots, the leaves may be up to 30 cm long, and deeply and intricately lobed, with the lobes rounded. On older trees, the leaves are generally 5–15 cm long, unlobed, cordate at the base and rounded to acuminate at the tip, and serrated on the margins. The trees are generally deciduous in temperate regions, but trees grown in tropical regions can be evergreen. The flowers are single-sex catkins; male catkins are 2–3.5 cm long, and female catkins 1–2 cm long. Male and female flowers are usually on separate trees although they may occur on the same tree. The fruit is 1–2.5 cm long; in the species in the wild it is deep purple, but in many cultivated plants it varies from white to pink; it is sweet but bland, unlike the more intense flavor of the red mulberry and black mulberry. The seeds are widely dispersed in the droppings of birds that eat the fruit.
Research on bioactive substances in plant foods shows that the increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables is closely related to the decline of cardiovascular diseases, cancer and other diseases. Chlorophyll is one of the natural bioactive substances. Metalloporphyrin, as a chlorophyll derivative, is the most unique of all natural pigments and has a wide range of uses.
Because natural chlorophyll is easily decomposed by heat, light, acid, alkali, etc., and is insoluble in water, its application is limited. Therefore, the structure of natural chlorophyll is modified to make it a stable metalloporphyrin structure. The application field of metalloporphyrin is constantly expanding and attracting much attention. Sodium copper chlorophyllin, as a kind of metalloporphyrin, has a high stability. Metalloporphyrin is widely used in food additives, cosmetic additives, colorants, medicines, photoelectric conversion materials and other fields. Sodium copper chlorophyllin is converted from chlorophyll, and natural chlorophyll has two structures, which makes its sodium copper salt have more complex components and structures. In practice, expressing sodium copper salt only by molecular formula has its shortcomings compared with its wide application. Sodium copper chlorophyllin has received special attention as a metalloporphyrin.
Sodium copper chlorophyllin in textiles
With the strengthening of people's environmental awareness and increasing attention to health, the negative effects of synthetic dyes used in textile dyeing on human health and the ecological environment have attracted more and more attention. The use of pollution-free green natural dyes to dye textiles has become a research direction for many scholars. There are few natural dyes that can dye green, and sodium copper chlorophyllin is a food-grade green pigment and a natural chlorophyll derivative. The extracted chlorophyll can be subjected to saponification, copperization and other reactions, and refined. It is a metalloporphyrin with high stability, dark green powder, and slightly metallic luster.
Sodium copper chlorophyllin in cosmetics
It can be added to cosmetics as a dye. Sodium copper chlorophyllin is a dark green powder, odorless or slightly odorous. The aqueous solution is transparent emerald green, which deepens with increasing concentration. It is light-resistant, heat-resistant and has good stability. The pH of a 1% solution is 9.5~10.2. When the pH is below 6.5, it can precipitate when it encounters calcium. It is slightly soluble in ethanol. It is easy to precipitate in acidic beverages. It has stronger light resistance than chlorophyll and decomposes when heated to above 110°C. In view of its stability and low toxicity, sodium copper chlorophyllin is widely used in the cosmetics industry.
Sodium copper chlorophyllin in medical applications
Application research in the medical field has a bright future because it has no toxic side effects. When treating wounds, a paste made of sodium copper chlorophyllin can accelerate wound healing. It is used as an air freshener in daily life and clinical practice, especially in anti-cancer and anti-tumor research. It has been reported that various data on the effects of sodium copper chlorophyllin on the human body are summarized in the form of a detailed anti-tumor curve. Its direct or indirect inhibitory mechanism on tumors mainly includes the following aspects: (1) complexation with planar aromatic carcinogens; (2) inhibition of carcinogen activity; (3) degradation of carcinogens; (4) free radical scavenging and antioxidant effects. Some researchers have studied the components that play a role in sodium copper salts [11], and the results show that there are two types with higher content, but it is not pointed out which structure plays a role. Since sodium copper chlorophyllin has the function of scavenging free radicals, the study considers adding it to cigarette filters to remove various free radicals in the smoke, thereby reducing the harm to the human body.
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