The main chemical component of Griffonia seed extract is 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-Hydroxytrophan, referred to as 5-HTP), a natural amino acid extracted from the dried seeds of the leguminous shrub Griffonia Simplicifolia, with the chemical name 5-hydroxy-3-indolyl-α-aminopropionic acid. Compared with synthetic 5-hydroxytryptophan, it is safer to use. People with low levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5Chemicalbook-HT) are more likely to suffer from depression, impulsiveness, and even aggressive and violent behavior. 5-hydroxytryptophan can be converted into 5-HT in the body through decarboxylation, which can help the human body increase 5-HT levels and is an important neurological drug. Modern research has found that 5-hydroxytryptophan has physiological effects such as antidepressant, central analgesia, hypnosis, anti-stress, and endocrine regulation. Griffonia seed extract contains macromolecular substances such as polysaccharides, proteins, and oils. Ultrafiltration membranes can selectively remove macromolecular impurities and retain small molecular 5-hydroxytryptophan. 5-Hydroxytryptophan is the most representative active substance in Ghana seed extract. It is a natural aromatic amino acid with a molecular formula of C11H12N2O3. It is an important direct precursor substance that inhibits the neurotransmitter complex amine (5-HT) and a regulatory substance for the biosynthesis of melatonin (Mel). It has significant anti-depression, obesity inhibition and treatment of chronic headaches.
The oil content of unsaturated fatty acids is between 15% and 20%, and most of them exist in the form of triglycerides. The content of unsaturated fatty acids is above 85%, of which linoleic acid and linolenic acid content is 70% to 75%. Ren Jie et al. used the residue of Ghana seeds extracted with 5-HTP as raw material to determine the optimal extraction process parameters of Ghana seed fatty acids: 20g of Ghana seed powder with a crushing degree of 10 mesh and a water content of 10.7%, 6# solvent oil as the extractant, temperature of 70℃, extraction time of 3h, and solid-liquid ratio of 1:12 (g/mL). Through verification experiments, the extraction rate of oil in Ghana seeds reached 19.78%. After Petkov et al. used urea encapsulation to remove saturated fatty acids in oils and fats, they obtained 95% linoleic acid (18:2) and 4% oleic acid (18:1) in the remaining mixture. Compared with some other plants, although the linoleic acid content of Ghana seeds is not high, because its oleic acid content is relatively low, it is easier to enrich linoleic acid, so Ghana seeds can be used as a reliable source of linoleic acid. The oil content is between 15% and 20%, and it mostly exists in the form of triglycerides. The content of unsaturated fatty acids is above 85%, of which linoleic acid and linolenic acid content is 70% to 75%. Ren Jie et al. [32] used the residue of Ghana seeds from which 5-HTP had been extracted as raw materials and determined the optimal extraction process parameters for Ghana seed fatty acids: 20 g of Ghana seed powder with a crushing degree of 10 mesh and a water content of 10.7%, 6# solvent oil as the extractant, temperature of 70°C, extraction time of 3 hours, and a solid-liquid ratio of 1:12 (g/mL). Through verification experiments, the extraction rate of Ghana seed oil reached 19.78%. Petkov et al. used urea encapsulation to remove saturated fatty acids from oils and fats, and obtained 95% linoleic acid (18:2) and 4% oleic acid (18:1) in the remaining mixture. Compared with some other plants, although the linoleic acid content of Ghana seeds is not high, because its oleic acid content is relatively low, it is easier to enrich linoleic acid, so Ghana seeds can be used as a reliable source of linoleic acid.
Other substances In addition to the above three active substances, Ghana seed extract also contains phytosterols (the content of campesterol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol is 11%, 29%, and 60% respectively), terpenes, alkaloids, saponins and other active substances, and the potential application value is immeasurable. Not only that, the nutrients are also quite rich, including various amino acids, vitamins, minerals, etc., especially magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, and zinc. Ghana seeds are the dried seeds of the leguminous shrub Griffonia simplicifolia, which is native to West African countries such as Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire and Togo. Ghana seed plants can generally grow to 2 to 3 meters high, with brown and smooth branches; in secondary forest areas, some grow on tall trees. The flowering period is from August to October, the flowers (hermaphrodite) are light green, and the fruits are produced from December to February of the following year. The pods usually have 1 to 4 seeds. The mature seeds are oblong, about 1.5cm long and 1cm wide. The seed coat is black and wrinkled, and the endosperm is yellow-green with a slight bean aroma. Since ancient times, folk medicine in West Africa has used the leaves of Ghana seeds to restore wounds. The leaves boiled into juice are a good medicine for treating urinary tract disorders and kidney diseases. In addition to its efficacy in treating pelvic congestion, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, stomach pain, and antibiotic properties, Ghana seeds are also well-known for improving human sexual function. The crushed bark can not only be made into ointments to treat chancroid, but can also be used to produce preservatives.
5-Hydroxytryptophan is an organic compound with a molecular formula of C11H12N2O3. It is an amino acid substance. It can be used as a precursor of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the human body, so it is believed to help increase 5-hydroxytryptamine levels, but it has a regulatory effect on sleep.
Application:
1. Antidepressant effect The experiment observed the utilization of TRP (tryptophan) in patients with depression and found that the utilization of L-TRP in patients with severe depression was significantly lower than that in patients with mild depression.
2. 5-HTP central analgesic effect
3. Cardiovascular system effect The results of the study on different hypertension animal models in rats showed that TRP also has antihypertensive activity.
4. 5-Hydroxytryptophan can generate 5-hydroxytryptamine in the body with the help of vitamin B6, thereby promoting sleep.
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